Protecting our environment and biodiversity is everyone's responsibility. We encourage residents to get involved in climate action and sustainability – whether in natural spaces, at home, or in the garden.
We encourage and support residents, schools and local environmental groups to get involved in climate action, sustainability, and protecting our natural environment. Find out how you can participate....
Find out how you can participate in climate action
Climate Emergency Response Plan
Our Climate Emergency Response Plan (CERP) outlines our approach to addressing climate change and its impact on Manningham.
We encourage and support residents to get involved in climate action, sustainability, and protecting our natural environment.
How can I get involved?
Residents can sign up for the following programs and events.
Spring Outdoors Program
Come along to one of the many Spring Outdoors events. In collaboration with Nillumbik and Banyule Councils, we offer over 50 programs each year, including sessions on local frog and bird species.
Check our What's on event calendar each spring to find out what's happening near you.
Home Harvest
The Home Harvest seminar series is a free monthly program that teaches you how to grow fresh, healthy food at home. Home gardening is a fun way to take climate action and benefits both you and the environment. Whether you're new to gardening or an expert, everyone is welcome.
Check our What's on events calendar for upcoming sessions.
Doncaster Hill Community Food Garden
Join the Doncaster Hill Community Food Garden. Help local volunteers grow fresh produce, most of which is donated to local charities and community food banks.
Landcare
Join your local Landcare group.
- Andersons Creek Landcare Group
- Jumping Creek Catchment Landcare Group
- Friends Of Warrandyte State Park
- Wonga Park Environment Group
- Friends of Park Orchards Reserve
- Friends of Yarra Valley Parks
Guided walks
Join a guided walk through Manningham bushland and learn more about our unique biodiversity. Check our What's on event calendar to find upcoming walks.
Inspired Living Series
Come along to the Inspired Living Series. A range of sustainable activities and events for all ages, including keynote speaker events featuring a diverse line-up of local and international subject matter experts.
National Tree Day
Plant some trees with us on National Tree Day. Check our What's on event calendar each July to find planting locations.
Solar Savers
Get free advice about energy saving and solar installation services via the Solar Savers Program. You can register for a free solar and/or battery quote and get access to state and local government rebates and subsidies. We also run regular Solar Savers information sessions.
Check the What's on event calendar for more details.
iNaturalist - City Nature Challenge
Observe and document Manningham's natural environment as part of the iNaturalist - City Nature Challenge. During a four day observation period, residents are invited to find, photograph and document the native wildlife that lives and grows in our neighbourhoods.
iNaturalist observations submitted are added to the global iNaturalist database and shared with the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to help scientists find and use your data. All you have to do is observe.
Aussie Backyard Bird Count
Sign up for the Aussie Backyard Bird Count, run each October by Birdlife Australia. You can join in on the fun and contribute with any birds you spot in Manningham by visiting Birdlife Australia.
Melbourne Water Frog Census
Get involved in local citizen science by recording frog species in Manningham with the Melbourne Water Frog Census App. An easy to use app to record audio and identify frog species by their call in local waterways, parks, and on your own property.
More information is available at Melbourne Water.
Waterwatch program
Join Waterwatch and get involved in exploring and protecting our local waterways. Volunteers collect water quality data that contributes to scientific research, management planning and on ground actions that improve the health of our waterways.
To sign up for Waterwatch, email environment@manningham.vic.gov.au.
For more information, contact the Environment team at manningham@manningham.vic.gov.au or on 9840 9333.
Come down to Ruffey Lake Park and learn how to play Disc Golf. ...
Disc Golf is a fun recreational activity for everyone!
The aim of the game is to throw your disc (similar to a frisbee) from the tee pad into the basket in the least number of throws.
At this come and try session members of the Melbourne Disc Golf Club will show you how to hold, throw and putt. Once you've got the hang of how it all works, you'll have the chance to play on the brand new, recently updated course.
No prior experience is required for this event. This event is suitable for families, all ages, all genders and all abilities.
Please note: entry is free but registrations are required.
Ruffey Lake Park Disc Golf Course is located near the Church Road entrance, just off King Street.
This activity is hosted by Melbourne Disc Golf.
Want to find out more about Disc Golf? Visit Melbourne Disc Golf Club.
She Rides allows women to learn to ride a bike. A 6-week introductory riding program for women, female-identifying and non-binary riders. ...
Learn to ride a bike during this 6-week introductory riding program for women, female-identifying and non-binary riders who are 20 plus years old.
The program focuses on skill development, developing fitness and helping you make riding a bike part of your everyday life.
Follow the lead of accredited AusCycling instructors and increase your bike confidence and skills in a supportive, safe, off-road and friendly environment.
This program is suitable for people who don't know how to ride, and for people with some basic riding experience.
If you don’t have a bike or helmet, we'll hire these for you! Just make sure you select bike and helmet hire when registering for the program.
Where to meet: at the car park area to the left of the Mullum Mullum Stadium entrance.
What to bring: Your bike and helmet if you have them, and a water bottle.
What to wear: Comfortable clothes and closed-toe shoes.
Please note: Places in this program are limited, so book your spot now.
Learn to ride a bike for the first time or improve your skills with this introductory learn to ride program for women, female-identifying and non-binary riders who are aged 18 years and over. ...
Learn to ride a bike during this 5-week introductory riding program for women, female-identifying and non-binary riders who are aged 18 years and over.
The program focuses on:
- skill development
- developing fitness
- helping you make riding a bike part of your everyday life.
Follow the lead of accredited AusCycling instructors and increase your bike confidence and skills in a supportive, safe, off-road and friendly environment.
Who is it for? This program is suitable for people who don't know how to ride, and for people with some basic riding experience. If you don’t have a bike or helmet, we'll hire these for you. Just make sure you let your instructor know upon your arrival at the first session.
Where to meet: At the car park area to the left of the Mullum Mullum Stadium entrance.
What to bring: Your bike and helmet if you have them, and a water bottle.
What to wear: Comfortable clothes and closed-toe shoes.
Please note: Places in this program are limited, so book your spot now.
Find out about new path projects in Manningham including footpaths, shared paths and shared trails ...
Increasing pedestrian movement
We plan the construction of our city’s footpaths, shared paths and trails by identifying the routes that pedestrians use more often on their journeys.
We use community feedback and other key areas to identify this network and locate where new footpaths are needed and plan for their construction.
Works to build a new footpath are prioritised by:
- the pedestrian demand
- the type of road
- its location relative to various facilities within the community
- the proximity to public transport.
Timeframes for new footpath projects can be affected by factors such as major road projects or large scale developments throughout Manningham.
Completed projects
Join Scott Hitchins as he returns to the Strathdon kitchen to create some of our, soon to be hot favourite, comfort dishes.
With a focus on low waste cooking, Scott will teach participants the techniques to create delicious winter warmers using every bit of what you grow or buy.
The focus in this session will be on using vegetables from the garden and an overview for slow style cooking that you can try at home.
You will be provided with a sample of what is cooked on the day and digital notes to try some of Scott’s recipes at home.
What to wear: Suitable clothing for getting your hands dirty in the kitchen and closed toe shoes.
What to bring: an apron (optional)
Who: Adults or teens
About Scott
Scott Hitchins has been working with sustainable, food-producing gardens for most of his life.
He has qualifications in biological science, permaculture design, education, and is a founding member of Werribee Park Heritage Orchard.
Scott has been providing popular workshops and garden-design advice to local councils, schools, and other community groups for many years.
He presents useful facts and skills in a fun and engaging manner. To quote Scott in a recent interview “Get me talking about sustainable gardening and you’ll never shut me up.”
Come along to the Warrandyte Museum and learn how this town has used Warrandyte Stone for towns walls, memorials, houses and buildings. ...
Come and see this photo exhibition and learn about how Warrandyte Stone has been used in the town's walls, memorials, houses, and buildings.
Don't miss the accompanying Foundation Stone Talk by the master stonemason, James Charlwood.
Foundation Stone Talk with James Charlwood
The talk will be at 2:00 pm on Sunday, 15 May in the Federation Room at the Grand Hotel Warrandyte.
If you would like to attend, please contact the Warrandyte Historical Society to reserve your place.
The Warrandyte Historical Society are running this event.
Participate in the Aussie Backyard Bird Count with a morning walk with ecologist John Harris. ...
Join local ecologist John Harris as he takes you on a journey through Warrandyte State Park’s Fourth Hill.
John will undertake a bird survey and help you identify birds found in the Warrandyte area.
Walk rating: 3km moderate walk, includes steep and narrow sections, creek crossing, slippery sections and tripping hazards.
Food and snacks
A light breakfast will be provided at the end of the walk.
If you have any special dietary requirements, we recommend bringing your own food and snacks.
What to bring and wear
Bring a water bottle, wear solid shoes, weather appropriate clothing and bring your own binoculars so you don't miss a thing!
Download the Aussie Bird Count Smartphone Application on Android and Apple before the walk and bring your smartphone on the day.
Where to meet
The meeting place will be at Gold Memorial Drive Picnic Ground. 10 minutes before the walk starts.
Please note: the nature walk could be cancelled due to extreme weather.
This event is part our Manningham Spring Outdoors Series, where we offer a range of fun outdoor activities across Manningham.
You can also check what’s happening across other Councils by visiting the Spring Outdoors website.
Subscribe to our Environment Newsletter
Keep up to date with our latest environment and sustainability events.
Check out all the things you can do - from exploring our nature, looking for fun activities or learning new skills. ...
Check out all the things you can do - from exploring our nature, looking for fun activities or learning new skills.
Discover places and spaces
Whatever your experience, our places and programs will help you explore Manningham and a variety of contemporary art and recreational choices in fun and engaging ways.
Discover Aquarena
The Aquarena Aquatic and Leisure Centre is one of the largest recreation and aquatic facilities in Victoria.
Resources to help you run your sport and recreation club
Whether you are looking to improve your club operations or increase participation - you can find useful information and templates to get you started.
Discover arts, crafts and theatre
We have a vibrant arts and cultural scene for you to explore. With a proud history in visual arts, Arts Manningham is home to renowned painters, ceramicists and mid-twentieth century artists.
Find your local
Get to know our municipality through our local businesses.
Looking for a grant to fund an upcoming project?
View our range of grants available to assist your community group, club or arts practice.
A rail line to Doncaster
The Victorian Government's proposed underground rail link will connect suburbs from Cheltenham to Werribee.
The Suburban Rail Loop (SRL) includes a Doncaster Station. However construction may be over ten years away.
We are advocating for the Doncaster Station footprint to be set aside as part of Stage 1, to allow for planning of the Doncaster Hill precinct. For an express bus service that mirrors the Suburban Rail Loop Alignment. Providing a public transport connection to key education, healthcare and employment precincts.
Why do we need a rail line to Doncaster?
Over 125,000 people in our community will benefit from a Doncaster Station. Currently our only public transport option is an over-crowded bus network that is often delayed by traffic congestion.
With Doncaster Hill’s population and traffic continuing to grow, we are urging the Victorian Government to include a Doncaster Station in stage two of the SRL and secure a location for the train station now.
Manningham is the only municipality without a tram or train line.
Car ownership per household is considerably high and daily public transport use for employment purposes is below the metropolitan average.
Our bus system is buckling under pressure to provide enough services and meet capacity for our growing city.
Doncaster Station not part of stage one construction
We are strongly advocating to the Victorian Government to include Doncaster Station in Stage two of the SRL.
We are working with stakeholders and the SRL Authority to secure a site location for the future train station.
What’s next?
We will continue to work with the Suburban Rail Loop Authority and the Department of Transport to advocate for improved public transport services to Manningham.
We want
- fewer roads
- more public transport options for our community
- a railway station to Doncaster
Provide feedback on the improvements proposed as part of the Templestowe Route Upgrade.
The upgrade, between Templestowe Road and Williamson Road (1.8 km), will enhance safety, pedestrian connectivity, and infrastructure quality.
In addition to road, footpath and drainage enhancements, we're proposing:
- two new roundabouts at the intersections of Atkinson and Milne streets. The roundabouts aim to prevent speeding, improve traffic flow and highlight the entrance to the Templestowe Village shops.
- To advocate for a reduced speed limit of 40km per hour between the roundabouts, to boost pedestrian and road safety.
- To advocate for a reduced speed limit to 50km/hour on the route. This will apply from Union Street to the Milne Road roundabout, and from Atkinson Street roundabout to Porter Street. It excludes areas where a 40km/hour speed limit has been proposed.
- To install pedestrian-operated signals at the intersection of Wood and Anderson streets so community members can access the shops more safely.
Drop in at this public consultation session, where you'll have the opportunity to:
- chat to our officers about the project
- review the proposed plans
- provide your feedback about the proposed changes
You can follow the project, have your say and help to improve the Templestowe Route by visiting Your Say Manningham.
Can’t make the session? Complete our online survey by Wednesday 29 November.
We are committed to managing our city’s infrastructure efficiently and sustainably. ...
Building a better Manningham
We are committed to managing our city’s infrastructure efficiently and sustainably to better meet the needs and expectations of our growing community.
Our capital works program brings this commitment to life by managing the maintenance and improvement of council assets, facilities and community spaces through a number of key projects.
Find out how we're improving drainage and flood mitigation ...
Improving drainage and flood mitigation
We’re undertaking drainage works and upgrades across Manningham to reduce flood risk.
We prioritise drainage works by considering:
- knowledge of local flooding and relative impacts compared with other locations
- the scale of the required works
- asset condition records and maintenance history
- community feedback
- the timing of other proposed works, including roadworks.
Project timeframes may be impacted by various factors like major road projects or large-scale developments across Manningham.
Find out about the latest drainage projects in Manningham.
Flood and stormwater management
We’ve partnered with Melbourne Water to undertake flood mapping for Manningham, to better understand flood risk.
This work will assist flood management by:
- improving understanding of the frequency, severity and location of flood risks within catchments
- assisting Council to better plan and prioritise mitigation activities
- helping to plan for future development
- building community awareness of flood risk
- informing emergency management planning.
The Manningham Flood Mapping Project will also inform the development of Manningham Council’s Integrated Water Management Strategy.
This strategy will review flooding and stormwater management risks and respond to emerging challenges, including:
- population growth
- development pressure
- climate change and associated increasing flood and drought risk.
A new Stormwater Management Strategy for Manningham
We’re developing a Stormwater Management Strategy to help identify, manage and reduce flood risk to people, property, infrastructure and the environment.
The Strategy will guide our planning and investment in the long-term Capital Works Program to support a healthy, safe and resilient community.
Meeting Date: 24 March 2020
Meeting Time: 7.00pm
Location: Council Chamber, 699 Doncaster Road, Doncaster
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Council Meetings
We have reviewed our Council meeting practices to ensure we provide a safe environment for Councillors, staff and the community. Council meetings will proceed in the Council Chamber however we will enable appropriate social distancing to occur to minimise potential transmission of COVID-19. All Council meetings will continue to be live streamed and we urge people to consider viewing the live stream rather than attending in person.
Temporary changes to Council meetings:
- Public Question Time - At this time anyone asking Council a question as a part of Public Question Time will not be required to present in person. We encourage questions to be provided via email and be received by 5.00pm on the Monday before the meeting. Submit a Public Question Time form.
Council meeting livestream
Getting There
By car
Parking available at Manningham Civic Centre
By bus
Manningham Civic Centre bus stop:
Bus route 907 City to Mitcham via Doncaster Rd
Bus route 902 Chelsea to Airport West
Bus route 295 Doncaster SC to The Pines SC via Templestowe
Meeting Date: 13 December 2022
Meeting Time: 7.00pm
Location: Council Chamber, Civic Centre 699 Doncaster Road, Doncaster.
Council meeting livestream
Time stamps
Timecode | Item |
---|---|
6. PETITIONS | |
04:15 | 6.1 Petition - Enforce Parking Restrictions in Anderson Street, Warrandyte during Public Events Days |
05:12 | 7. PUBLIC QUESTION TIME |
17:23 | 8. ADMISSION OF URGENT BUSINESS |
18:10 | 9. PLANNING PERMIT APPLICATIONS |
10. CITY PLANNING | |
18:20 | 10.1 Manningham Planning Scheme Review 2022 - Endorsement of Final Report (page 3) |
11. CONNECTED COMMUNITIES | |
23:45 | 11.1 Review of Community Grant Program Policy (Page 166) |
36:55 | 11.2 Recreation and Sport Advisory Committee Endorsement (Page 187) |
12. CITY SERVICES | |
46.10 | 12.1 Climate Emergency Action Plan and Environment Programs (Page 195) |
54:40 | 13. EXPERIENCE AND CAPABILITY |
14. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER | |
54:55 | 41.1 Strategic Risk Register six monthly report November 2022 |
57:10 | 14.2 Fraud and Corruption Policy Review 2022 |
01:00:20 | 14.3 Councillor Committees and Chairperson Appointments for 2023 |
01:09:00 | 14.4 Appointment of Authorised Officer - Planning and Environment Act 1987 |
01:09:30 | 14.5 Informal Meetings of Councillors |
01:10:08 | 14.6 Documents for Sealing |
15 NOTICES OF MOTION | |
01:10:40 | 15.1 Notice of Motion by Cr Stephen Mayne (NOM No. 6/2022) |
01:14:50 | 16. URGENT BUSINESS |
01:15:09 | 17. COUNCILLORS REPORTS AND QUESTION TIME |
01:30:38 | 18. CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS |
Get involved at our next council meeting
Power 2 Pedal is a fun and welcoming cycling program for kids and teens with autism to learn and develop bike riding skills. ...
Power 2 Pedal is a fun and welcoming program, delivered in a safe environment where kids and teens with autism will learn and develop their bike riding skills.
This program will also support people to build their skills and confidence to be able to include bike riding in their everyday life, for example riding to school.
When
Each Monday between 22 April and 27 May 2024 (six week program).
Cost
$90 or participants can use NDIS plans to pay for the program.
Beginners (Level 1)
This level is designed for those who are new to bike riding or those who have been riding with training wheels. Focus areas will be balancing, pedalling, steering and braking.
If your child is a more advanced rider, register for the Level 2 (intermediate) program instead.
Support staff
We recommend all participants have someone with them at the program to support their development one-on-one.
Please note that support staff are not organised through this program. Should participant support be required, please organise this through a disability service provider (such as Leisure Networks).
What to bring
Participants are encouraged to bring their own bike and helmet. If this is not possible and you require access to equipment or you are unsure what level would be appropriate for your child, please phone Tori on 0434 412 989 or email tori.honner@leisurenetworks.org.
Places are limited in this program and registration is required.
Power 2 Pedal is supported by VicHealth in partnership with Aus Cycling, Manningham Council, and the Park Orchards BMX club.
For more information download the flyer below.
Meeting Date: 10 November 2020
Meeting Time: 7.00pm
Location: Council Chamber, Civic Centre 699 Doncaster Road, Doncaster.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Council Meetings
As part of our efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 we have reviewed our Council meeting practices to ensure we provide a safe environment for Councillors, staff and the community. This Annual Council meeting will proceed in the Council Chamber adhering to our COVID-Safe Plan to minimise potential transmission of COVID-19.
Physical attendance by members of the public at Council meetings is currently not permitted. Council meetings will continue to be live streamed and we encourage you to follow the meeting on our Facebook page (you can view the livestream on our Facebook page even if you don’t have a Facebook account). The live stream is not interactive. Any comments or private messages directed to us while the stream is live will not be presented to Council or have a bearing on the conduct of the meeting.
Our next ordinary Council meeting will be held 7:00pm on Tuesday, 24 November 2020.
Council meeting livestream
Getting There
By car
Parking available at Manningham Civic Centre
By bus
Manningham Civic Centre bus stop:
Bus route 907 City to Mitcham via Doncaster Rd
Bus route 902 Chelsea to Airport West
Bus route 295 Doncaster SC to The Pines SC via Templestowe
Power 2 Pedal is a fun and welcoming cycling program for kids and teens with autism to learn and develop bike riding skills. ...
Power 2 Pedal is a fun and welcoming program, delivered in a safe environment where kids and teens with autism will learn and develop their bike riding skills.
This program will also support people to build their skills and confidence to be able to include bike riding in their everyday life, for example riding to school.
When
Each Monday between 22 April and 27 May 2024 (six week program).
Cost
$90 or participants can use NDIS plans to pay for the program.
Intermediate (Level 2)
This level is designed for those who are confident riding but need to refine their skills. Focus areas may be controlling/turning, braking, scanning, gear changing and hazard awareness. Participants will also get the opportunity to learn new BMX skills and ride on the BMX track.
If your child is a less experienced rider, register for the Level 1 (beginner) program instead.
Each session will have a maximum of 10 participants with two coaches.
Support staff
We recommend all participants have someone with them at the program to support their development one-on-one.
Please note that support staff are not organised through this program. Should participant support be required, please organise this through a disability service provider (such as Leisure Networks).
What to bring
Participants are encouraged to bring their own bike and helmet. If this is not possible and you require access to equipment or you are unsure what level would be appropriate for your child, please phone Tori on 0434 412 989 or email tori.honner@leisurenetworks.org.
Places are limited in this program and registration is required.
Power 2 Pedal is supported by VicHealth in partnership with Aus Cycling, Manningham Council, and the Park Orchards BMX club.
For more information read the flyer below.
Join Football Victoria for an exciting day of street football at Koonung Reserve. ...
UPDATE: This event has sold out.
Football Victoria will be activating the newly installed dual futsal court at Koonung reserve to teach you how to play street football.
This event is perfect for all street football, futsal and soccer enthusiasts who want to try street football for the first time or enhance their skills and test out the new public outdoor dual futsal court in Manningham.
During the clinic, participants will have the opportunity to learn from experienced Football Victoria coaches who will guide you through various street football techniques, strategies and games.
This clinic is for all levels - beginners and advanced.
Please note: there are two sessions running on the day. Register for the session that matches your age group.
- 10.00am to 11.00am - under 8's and under 10’s
- 11.00am – 12.00pm - under 11’s and under 12’s
Registrations are essential. Numbers are strictly limited.
Appearance and coaching from Daniel Cappellaro - D10
D10 is Daniel Cappellaro, a futsal player, street footballer and coach. Daniel, along with staff from Football Victoria will be joining in both sessions at this clinic.
Daniel has travelled the world playing street football and futsal in the UEFA Futsal Champions League. Daniel has also represented and helped found Western Australia’s most successful futsal club Cambio Cumbre.
Other highlights include AFA Australian Men’s team selection and representing Western Australia at the FFA Nationals. On the East coast of Australia, Daniel played for Melbourne Futsal Club (powered by Melbourne City Football Club), Balwyn Futsal Club and Pascoe Vale Futsal Club, in Victoria’s and Futsal Oz’s prestigious Series Futsal Victoria.
Council meetings are the formal decision-making forum for our Council. ...
Meeting Date: 28 February 2023
Meeting Time: 7.00pm
Location: Council Chamber, Civic Centre 699 Doncaster Road, Doncaster.
Council meeting livestream
Time stamps
Timecode | Item |
---|---|
04:55 | 5. PRESENTATIONS |
04:55 | 5.1 Australia Day Honours 2023 |
06:02 | 6. PETITIONS |
06:10 | 7. PUBLIC QUESTION TIME |
8. ADMISSION OF URGENT BUSINESS | |
9. PLANNING PERMIT APPLICATIONS | |
10. CITY PLANNING | |
40:50 | 11. CONNECTED COMMUNITIES |
40:55 | 11.1 Manningham Reconciliation Action Plan 2023-25 Adoption (Page 3) |
44:15 | 11.2 Pricing Policy for Use of Council Active Open Space (Page 26) |
50:00 | 11.3 Wonga Park Reserve Master Plan for Endorsement (Page 54) |
55:50 | 11.4 Manningham Youth Advisory Committee (Page 230) |
12. CITY SERVICES | |
1:02:05 | 12.1 Mid-Year Capital Works Update (Page 255) |
13. EXPERIENCE AND CAPABILITY | |
01:07:40 | 13.1 Manningham Quarterly Report, Quarter 2 (October - December), 2022/23 (Page 255) |
01:21:20 | 13.2 National General Assembly 2023 Motions - Electric Vehicle Charging (EVC) Infrastructure (Page 276) |
14. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER | |
01:32:50 | 14.1 Appointment of Authorised Officer - Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Page 279) |
01:33:20 | 14.2 Informal Meetings of Councillors (Page 282) |
01:38:00 | 14.3 Documents for Sealing |
15. NOTICES OF MOTION | |
01:33:55 | 15.1 Notice of Motion by Cr Stephen Mayne (NOM No.1/2023) |
01:39:15 | 16. URGENT BUSINESS |
01:39:30 | 17. COUNCILLOR REPORTS AND QUESTION TIME |
01:46:15 | 18. CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS |